How EC works
  • Introduction
  • How the Economic Machine Works
    • How the Economic Machine Works: “A Transactions-Based Approach”
    • How the Market-Based System Works
    • The Template: The Three Big Forces
    • 1) Productivity Growth
    • 2) The Long-Term Debt Cycle
    • 3) The Short-Term Debt Cycle
  • Debt Cycles: Leveragings & Deleveragings
    • An In-Depth Look at Deleveragings
    • The Ugly Deflationary Deleveragings
    • The Beautiful Deleveragings
    • The Ugly Inflationary Deleveraging
    • A Closer Look at Each
      • United States Depression and Reflation, 1930-1937
      • Japan Depression and Reflation, 1929-1936
      • UK Deleveraging, 1947-1969 UK Deleveraging,1947-1969
      • Japan Deleveraging, 1990-Present
      • US Deleveraging, 2008-Present
      • The Recent Spain Deleveraging, 2008-Present
      • Germany’s Weimar Republic: 1918-23
    • US Deleveraging 1930s
      • Preface
      • Conditions in 1929 Leading up to the Crash
      • 1H1930
      • 2H1930
      • 1Q1931
      • 2Q1931
      • 3Q1931
      • 4Q1931
      • 1H1932
      • 2H1932
      • 1933
      • March 1933
      • 1934-1938
    • Weimar Republic Deleveraging 1920s
      • Overview
      • World War I Period 1914 – November 1918
      • Post-War Period November 1918 - December 1921
      • Hyperinflation
      • Second Half of 1922
      • 1923
      • Stabilization: From Late 1923 Onward
  • Productivity and Structural Reform: Why Countries Succeed & Fail, and What Should Be Done So Failing
    • Part 1: The Formula for Economic Succes
      • A Formula for Future Growth
      • Projections
      • Productivity and Competiveness Measures
      • Our Productivity Gauge
      • Value: What You Pay Versus What You Get
      • A Simple Measure of Cost: Per Capita Income
      • Education
      • Cost of a Productivity Adjusted Educated Worker
      • Working Hard
      • Working Hard Subcomponent: Average Hours Worked
      • Working Hard Subcomponent: Demographics
      • Investing
      • Investing Subcomponents: Aggregate Fixed Investment Rates
      • Investing Subcomponents: Household Savings Rates
      • Culture Components
      • Self-Sufficiency
      • Self-Sufficiency Subcomponent: Work Ethic
      • Self-Sufficiency Subcomponent: Work Ethic - Average Hours Worked
      • Self-Sufficiency Subcomponent: Work Ethic – Labor Force Participation
      • Self-Sufficiency Subcomponent: Work Ethic – Actual Vacation Time
      • Self-Sufficiency Subcomponent: Work Ethic – Retirement Age as Percentage of Life Expectancy
      • Self-Sufficiency Subcomponent: Government Supports
      • Self-Sufficiency Subcomponent: Government Supports – Government Expenditures
      • Self-Sufficiency Subcomponent: Government Supports – Transfers to Households
      • Self-Sufficiency Subcomponent: Labor Market Rigidity
      • Self-Sufficiency Subcomponent: Labor Market Rigidity – Unionization
      • Self-Sufficiency Subcomponent: Labor Market Rigidity – Ease of Hiring and Firing
      • Self-Sufficiency Subcomponent: Labor Market Rigidity – Minimum Wage as Percentage of Average Income
      • Savoring Life Versus Achieving
      • Savoring Life Versus Achieving Subcomponents: Observed Outcomes
      • Savoring Life Versus Achieving Subcomponent: Expressed Values
      • Innovation and Commercialism
      • Innovation and Commercialism Subcomponent: Outputs
      • Innovation and Commercialism Subcomponent: Inputs
      • Bureaucracy
      • Corruption
      • Rule of Law
      • Our Indebtedness Gauge
      • Debt and Debt Service Levels
      • Debt Flow
      • Monetary Policy
      • Summary Observations
    • Part 2: Economic Health Indices by Country, and the Prognoses That They Imply
      • India's Future Growth
      • China's Future Growth
      • Singapore's Future Growth
      • Mexico's Future Growth
      • Thailand's Future Growth
      • Argentina's Future Growth
      • Korea's Future Growth
      • Brazil's Future Growth
      • USA's Future Growth
      • United Kingdom's Future Growth
      • Russia's Future Growth
      • Australia's Future Growth
      • Canada's Future Growth
      • Germany's Future Growth
      • France's Future Growth
      • Hungary's Future Growth
      • Spain's Future Growth
      • Japan's Future Growth
      • Italy's Future Growth
      • Greece's Future Growth
      • Appendix: List of Statistics that Make Up Our Gauges
    • Part 3: The Rises and Declines of Economies Over the Last 500 Years
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Productivity and Structural Reform: Why Countries Succeed & Fail, and What Should Be Done So Failing

In this section the drivers of productivity are shown and are used to create an economic health index. That index shows how 20 major countries are doing as measured by 19 economic health gauges made up of 81 indicators, and it shows what these gauges portend for real GDP growth in each of these countries over the next 10 years. As you will see, past predictions based on this process have been highly reliable. For this reason this economic health index provides a reliable formula for success. By looking at these cause-effect relationships in much the same way as a doctor looks at your genetics, blood tests and regimes for exercise and diet, we can see each country’s health prospects and also know what changes can be made so that these countries can become economically healthier.

在本节中,显示了生产率的驱动因素,并用于创建经济健康指数。该指数显示了由81个指标组成的19个经济健康指标衡量的20个主要国家的情况,并显示了在未来10年内,这些国家在这些国家实际GDP增长中所看到的这些指标。如你所见,过去基于这个过程的预测是非常可靠的。为此,这项经济健康指数为成功提供了可靠的方案。通过以与医生看待您的遗传学,血液测试和运动和饮食习惯的方式大致相同的方式来看待这些因果关系,我们可以看到每个国家的健康前景,并且还知道可以做出哪些改变,以便这些国家可以变得经济健康

We are making this research available in the hope that it will facilitate the very important discussions about structural reforms that are now going on and will help both the public and policy makers to look past their ideological differences to see the economy as a machine in much the same way as doctors see bodies and look at the relationships of cholesterol and heart attacks analytically rather than ideologically.

我们正在进行这项研究,希望这将有助于现在正在进行的关于结构改革的非常重要的讨论,并将有助于公众和政策制定者过去思想上的差异,将经济看作是一个机器。与医生看到身体的方式一样,分析胆固醇和心脏病发作的关系,而不是意识形态。

The Template

This section is presented in three parts:

  • In Part 1, “The Formula For Economic Success,” we show how indicators of countries’ productivity and indebtedness would have predicted their subsequent 10-year growth rates going back 65 years, and how these economic health indicators can be used to both predict and shape the long-term economic health of countries. By knowing the linkages between a) indicators of productivity such as the costs of educated people, the amount of bureaucracy in the government, the amount of corruption in the system, how much people value working relative to enjoying life, etc., and b) the subsequent 10-year economic outcomes, policy makers can decide how to change these determinants to affect long-term outcomes. 在第一部分“经济成功的公式”中,我们展示了国家生产力和债务的指标如何预测其后续的10年增长率将回到65年,以及这些经济健康指标如何可以预测塑造国家的长期经济健康。通过了解a)生产力指标之间的联系,例如受过教育的人的成本,政府的官僚主义的数量,系统的腐败程度,有多少人重视工作相对于享受生活等等,以及b)随后的10年经济成果,决策者可以决定如何改变这些决定因素来影响长期成果。

  • In Part 2, “Economic Health Indices by Country, and the Prognoses that They Imply” we show each of the 20 countries’ economic health indices by component and aggregated, and how these lead to the projected growth over the next 10 years. In this section you can see a synthesis for each country based on an objective review of each of the indicators and their relative importance. Because our understanding has been completely systematized, there is no qualitative judgment used in describing these estimates. In fact, the texts have been computer generated. 二部分“国家经济健康指数及其预测”指出,20个国家的经济健康指标按照组成部分和总体情况分别显示,未来十年的增长率如何。在本节中,您可以根据对每个指标的客观评估及其相对重要性,来查看每个国家的综合。由于我们的理解已经完全系统化,所以在描述这些估计时并没有定性的判断。事实上,这些文本是电脑生成的。

  • In Part 3, “The Rises and Declines of Economies Over the Last 500 Years”, we will look at how different countries’ shares of the world economy have changed over the last 500 years and why these changes have occurred. 第三部分“过去五百年经济崛起与下降”,我们将看看过去五百年来世界经济中不同国家的份额有多大变化,为什么会发生这种变化。

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