Self-Sufficiency Subcomponent: Government Supports – Transfers to Households

Household transfers are a direct subsidy and have an especially high risk of undermining self-reliance. The policy highlights the tradeoff of enforcing a market-based system to maximize growth versus risking slower growth to achieve a different goal, like ensuring a social safety net for ethical reasons or for social stability. On this measure, we see that India’s and China’s governments are the least redistributive, by our measures. In both countries transfers to households are around 5% of GDP. Transfers in the US and Japan are about four times larger, around 20% of GDP, but still much lower relative to the rest of the developed world. In Western Europe, transfers range from a bit under 25% to nearly 30% in France.

家庭转移是直接补贴，特别是破坏自力更生的高风险。该政策强调了实施基于市场的制度的最大化增长的权衡，而不是放慢增长的风险，以实现不同的目标，例如为了道德原因或社会稳定确保社会安全网。在这个措施上，我们看到印度和中国的政府是通过我们的措施来重新分配的。在这两个国家，转移到家庭的国内生产总值约占5％。在美国和日本的转移幅度大约是国内生产总值的20％左右，但相对于发达国家的转移仍然要低得多。在西欧，法国的转移范围从25％下降到近30％。