Self-Sufficiency Subcomponent: Work Ethic

Societies that are self-sufficient have a high percentage of their population working hard each day to be selfreliant. People who work hard both produce more in the near-term and generally find ways to improve faster through time than those that care more for leisure. They also tend to exhibit a drive to earn what they consume, which is an essential quality of being self-reliant and generally successful in a market-based system.

自给自足的社会人口每天都在努力工作，自给自足。努力工作的人在短期内会产生更多的东西，通常会比那些关心休闲的人更快地改善时间。他们也倾向于表现出获得消费的动力，这是自力更生，在市场体系中普遍成功的基本素质。

While we think average hours worked accomplished our basic goal within productivity of getting a gauge of how hard people worked, here we wanted to capture a little more richness about the work ethic of each country, so we also looked at measures like the typical retirement age, how many vacation days people in each country typically take and male labor force participation on its own. Again, regrettably we must look at our hours worked and labor force measures for just men because different social norms across countries around women in the workforce distort the numbers. Since we expect richer countries to take more leisure than poorer ones, this is one of the measures we expect to have a fairly strong relationship with a country's income level.

虽然我们认为平均工作时数完成了我们在生产力方面的基本目标，来衡量人们的努力程度，但是我们希望能够更加了解每个国家的工作伦理，所以我们也研究了典型的退休年龄每个国家的休假天数多少，男性劳动力自行参与。再次，令人遗憾的是，我们必须看看我们的工作时间和劳动力对公正的措施，因为各国妇女在劳动力中的不同社会规范扭曲了数字。由于我们希望更富裕的国家比较穷的国家拥有更多的休闲空间，这是我们期望与一个国家收入水平有很大关系的措施之一。

When we scan across countries, we see emerging countries at the top of the list, including India and Mexico. Overall, emerging Asia comes through as working the hardest, followed by Latin America. Among rich countries, Singapore and then Japan have the hardest workers. The US is fairly hard-working among developed countries, whereas workers in Europe appear to opt for leisure more than anyone else based on these measures. Once we take into account the tendency for wealthier countries to take more leisure time, Japan really stands out as exceptionally hard-working (as do Korea and Singapore). Argentina and Brazil move down a bit. Still, the relative ordering of most countries is fairly stable since the differences in how hard each country works are fairly extreme. Any way you cut it, Mexico and India remain among the hardest-working countries and workers in Europe some of the most leisure-taking.

当我们扫描国家时，我们看到新兴国家位列榜首，包括印度和墨西哥。总体而言，新兴亚洲经历最艰苦的工作，其次是拉丁美洲。在富国之中，新加坡和日本的劳工人数最多。美国在发达国家中相当努力，而欧洲的工人比这些措施更愿意选择休闲。一旦考虑到富裕国家采取更多闲暇时间的趋势，日本才真正脱颖而出，非常努力（像韩国和新加坡）。阿根廷和巴西下滑了一点。尽管如此，大多数国家的相对秩序是相当稳定的，因为每个国家的工作差异是相当极端的。墨西哥和印度的任何一个方面都是切合实际，在欧洲工作最艰苦的国家和工人中，仍然是最休闲的一天。